.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.28 (Pod::Simple 3.30)
.\"
.\" Standard preamble:
.\" ========================================================================
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.if t .sp .5v
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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "TR 1"
.TH TR 1 "2001-06-06" "perl v5.20.0" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
tr \- translate or delete characters
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
tr [ \-cdsUC ] [ \fI\s-1SEARCHLIST\s0\fR [ \fI\s-1REPLACEMENTLIST\s0\fR ] ]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The \fItr\fR program copies the standard input to the standard output
with substitution or deletion of selected characters.  Input characters
found in \fI\s-1SEARCHLIST\s0\fR are mapped into the corresponding characters of
\&\fI\s-1REPLACEMENTLIST\s0\fR. When \fI\s-1REPLACEMENTLIST\s0\fR is short it is padded to
the length of \fI\s-1SEARCHLIST\s0\fR by duplicating its last character.
.PP
Here are the options:
.IP "c" 4
.IX Item "c"
Complement the \s-1SEARCHLIST.\s0
.IP "d" 4
.IX Item "d"
Delete found but unreplaced characters.
.IP "s" 4
.IX Item "s"
Squash duplicate replaced characters.
.IP "U" 4
.IX Item "U"
Translate to/from \s-1UTF\-8.\s0
.IP "C" 4
.IX Item "C"
Translate to/from 8\-bit char (octet).
.PP
In either string, the notation \f(CW\*(C`a\-b\*(C'\fR means a range of characters from
\&\f(CW\*(C`a\*(C'\fR to \f(CW\*(C`b\*(C'\fR in increasing \s-1ASCII\s0 order. Customary Perl escapes are
honored, such as \f(CW\*(C`\en\*(C'\fR for newline, \f(CW\*(C`\e012\*(C'\fR for octal, and \f(CW\*(C`\ex0A\*(C'\fR
for hexadecimal codes.
.PP
If the \fB\-c\fR flag is specified, the \s-1SEARCHLIST\s0 character set is
complemented.  If the \fB\-d\fR flag is specified, any characters specified
by \s-1SEARCHLIST\s0 not found in \s-1REPLACEMENTLIST\s0 are deleted.  (Note that
this is slightly more flexible than the behavior of some tr programs,
which delete anything they find in the \s-1SEARCHLIST,\s0 period.)  If the \fB\-s\fR
flag is specified, sequences of characters that were transliterated to the
same character are squashed down to a single instance of the character.
.PP
If the \fB\-d\fR flag is used, the \s-1REPLACEMENTLIST\s0 is always interpreted
exactly as specified.  Otherwise, if the \s-1REPLACEMENTLIST\s0 is shorter
than the \s-1SEARCHLIST,\s0 the final character is replicated till it is long
enough.  If the \s-1REPLACEMENTLIST\s0 is empty, the \s-1SEARCHLIST\s0 is replicated.
This latter is useful for counting characters in a class or for squashing
character sequences in a class.
.PP
The first \fB\-U\fR or \fB\-C\fR flag applies to the left side of the translation.
The second one applies to the right side.  If present, these flags
override the current utf8 state.
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
The following command creates a list of all the words in \fIfile1\fR
one per line in \fIfile2\fR, where a word is taken to be a maximal string
of alphabetics.
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    tr \-cs A\-Za\-z "\en" <file1 >file2
.Ve
.PP
The following command strips the 8th bit from an input file:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    tr "\e200\-\e377" "\e000\-\e177"
.Ve
.PP
The following command translates Latin\-1 to Unicode:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    tr \-CU "\e0\-\exFF" ""
.Ve
.PP
The following command translates Unicode to Latin\-1
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    tr \-UC "\e0\-\ex{FF}" ""
.Ve
.SH "NOTE"
.IX Header "NOTE"
This command is implemented using Perl's \f(CW\*(C`tr\*(C'\fR operator.
See the documentation in perlop for details on its
operation.
.SH "BUGS"
.IX Header "BUGS"
There is no way to catch the file open error on \s-1ARGV\s0 handle
processing, so the exit status does not reflect file open
failures.
.PP
Not all systems have Unicode support yet, in which case the
\&\fB\-U\fR or \fB\-C\fR flags would cause a fatal error.
.SH "AUTHOR"
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
Tom Christiansen, \fItchrist@perl.com\fR.
.SH "COPYRIGHT and LICENSE"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT and LICENSE"
This program is copyright (c) Tom Christiansen 1999.
.PP
This program is free and open software. You may use, modify, distribute,
and sell this program (and any modified variants) in any way you wish,
provided you do not restrict others from doing the same.