'\" te .\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. .TH audit_remote 5 "10 May 2012" "SunOS 5.11" "Standards, Environments, and Macros" .SH NAME audit_remote \- send Solaris audit logs to a remote server .SH SYNOPSIS .LP .nf \fB/usr/lib/security/audit_remote.so\fR .fi .SH DESCRIPTION .sp .LP The \fBaudit_remote\fR plugin module for Solaris audit, \fB/usr/lib/security/audit_remote.so\fR, sends binary audit records (\fBaudit.log\fR(4)) to audit servers as they are configured with \fBauditconfig\fR(1M). .sp .LP The \fBaudit_remote\fR plugin is loaded by \fBauditd\fR(1M) if the plugin is configured as an active via \fBauditconfig\fR. Use the \fBauditconfig\fR \fB-setplugin\fR option to change all the plugin related configuration parameters. .sp .LP The Solaris audit service daemon's audit remote service, \fBars\fR(5), may be configured with \fBauditconfig\fR to receive the binary audit records send by \fBaudit_remote\fR. .SS "Object Attributes" .sp .LP The following attributes specify the configuration of \fBaudit_remote\fR plugin: .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBp_hosts\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n .sp .in +2 .nf \fIhost1\fR[:[\fIport1\fR][:\fImech1\fR]][,\fIhost2\fR[:[\fIport2\fR][:\fImech2\fR]],... \e \fIhostn\fR[:[\fIportn\fR][:\fImechn\fR]]] .fi .in -2 .sp A list of audit hosts/servers. Audit records are sent to the first available host. If a host is unreachable or a timeout occurs while sending data, the next host in the list is tried. If connection to all hosts fails, the list is tried again from the beginning. .sp The \fIhost\fR part of a \fBp_hosts\fR entry can be in any form acceptable to \fBgetipnodebyname\fR(3SOCKET). .sp The \fIport\fR part of a \fBp_hosts\fR entry is the port on host that is contacted to initiate an audit server connection. If not specified, the port number is that assigned to the \fBsolaris-audit\fR service. See \fBgetservbyname\fR(3XNET). .sp The \fBmech\fR part of a \fBp_host\fR entry is the GSS-API mechanism name (\fBmech\fR(4)). If not specified, the local host's default mechanism is used. The recommended mechanism is \fBkerberos_v5\fR. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBp_retries\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n The number of retries for connecting to and sending data to a server. .sp The default value is \fB3\fR. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBp_timeout\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n The number of seconds in which a connection/sending data timeouts. .sp The default value is \fB5\fR seconds. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBqsize\fR\fR .ad .sp .6 .RS 4n The maximum number of outstanding audit records to keep. .sp The default is the value of the kernel queue control high water mark. See \fBauditconfig\fR(1M). .RE .sp .LP If set to 0, the default value is the value of the kernel queue control high water mark. See \fBauditconfig\fR(1M). .SS "GSS SESSION" .sp .LP The \fBaudit_remote plugin\fR is a TCP client that authenticates configured audit servers using the GSS-API (\fBlibgss\fR(3LIB)). Binary Solaris Audit records are sent with integrity and confidentiality protection as per-message tokens generated by \fBgss_wrap\fR(3GSS). .sp .LP The plugin initiates a TCP connection to an audit server (\fIhost:port:mech\fR) and establishes a GSS security context (with \fBgss_init_sec_context\fR(3GSS)), with appropriate security mechanism (\fBmech\fR(4)). .sp .LP If no port is specified, the service name \fBsolaris-audit\fR is looked up to obtain a TCP port number. If no mechanism is specified, the \fBGSS_C_NO_OID\fR is used as a \fBmech_type\fR parameter of \fBgss_init_sec_context\fR(3GSS), and causes the underlying \fBGSS-API\fR to use the local default mechanism. .sp .LP \fBgss_init_sec_context\fR(3GSS) uses \fBGSS_C_NO_CREDENTIAL\fR as the initiator credential handle and a target name of the form \fBaudit@\fR. The server is expected to use \fBgss_accept_sec_context\fR(3GSS) to complete the context establishment. .sp .LP Once the security context is established, the client (\fBaudit_remote\fR plugin) calls \fBgss_wrap\fR(3GSS) to achieve the confidentiality of the transferred payload - the audit records. The server is expected to use \fBgss_unwrap\fR(3GSS) to unwrap the received data and \fBgss_get_mic\fR(3GSS) to obtain the MIC (Message Integrity Code) to be later sent back to the plugin as a message retrieval acknowledgment. .sp .LP For example, if the \fBkerberos_v5\fR mechanism is configured as \fBGSS_API\fR mechanism on the client and both sides agree on using this mechanism, the client side has to be eligible to non-interactively gain session keys for the \fBaudit/@\fR principal from the Kerberos KDC/TGS. At the same time the identity running the audit server application has to have the long term keys associated with the \fBaudit/@\fR principal stored in the \fBkeytab\fR file (\fBkrb5.conf\fR(4)) to be able to decrypt the session keys. .sp .LP The \fBaudit_remote\fR plugin initiates a connection to first server in the \fBp_hosts\fR list. If the connection fails or audit record sends are not responded to in \fBp_timeout\fR seconds, after \fBp_retries\fR attempts the plugin tries to connect to the next server. If the connection to the last server fails, the plugin retries to connect to the first host in the list. \fBaudit_warn\fR(1M) is executed at every unsuccessful attempt to connect to the server or send timeout with the plugin option plugin \fBaudit_remote.so retry .\fR is connection \fB \fR\&. An \fBEPROTO\fR network error indicates that the client plugin did not get a successful protocol version handshake. .SS "PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION" .sp .LP All protocol messages are preceded by the 4 octets of the size of the data to follow. This size is in network byte order. .sp .LP The protocol begins with version negotiation followed by a \fBGSS-API\fR security context token exchange. On error the connection is closed (and any output token optionally sent). .sp .LP The version negotiation takes place in the clear with the plugin sending an octet array of the comma (\fB,\fR) separated list of versions supported. The current version number is the characters \fB01\fR. The receiver is expected to respond with the version that they accept (in the current case that is the characters \fB01\fR). A mismatch is considered an error and the connection is closed. .sp .LP The version octet array sent by the plugin and the version characters accepted by the receiver are concatenated together to make up the application data field of the channel bindings of the GSS security context establishment. .sp .in +2 .nf || "||" represents concatenation .fi .in -2 .sp .LP Subsequent tokens contain a 64 bit sequence number in network byte order and a single audit record (\fBaudit.log\fR(4)); the client uses confidentiality protection. wrap (64 bit sequence number || audit record) .sp .LP The server acknowledges the receipt (and is then responsible for any data loss) with the received 64 bit sequence number and a MIC token of the unwrapped 64 bit sequence number and audit record. MIC verification on the client side acknowledges the audit record can be freed and not saved for possible retransmission. .sp .in +2 .nf 64 bit sequence number || mic (64 bit sequence number || audit record) .fi .in -2 .sp .LP Secure remote audit client/server communication flow: .sp .in +2 .nf 1) Client <--> Server - TCP handshake 2) Client <--> Server - protocol version negotiation: a) Client --> Server - send data size - uint32_t value (2) b) Client --> Server - send clear text message of the versions supported comma separated, e.g., "01,02,03" for versions 1 and 2 and 3. The only version supported at present is "01" c) Client <-- Server - send data size - uint32_t value (2) d) Client <-- Server - send clear text version selected ("01") :no version match; close connection; try next host 3) Security context initiation: a) Client - Construct channel bindings: initiator address type (GSS_C_AF_NULLADDR) acceptor address type (GSS_C_AF_NULLADDR) application data value (4 octets "0101") b) Client --> Server - send token (data) size - uint32_t value c) Client --> Server - GSS-API per-context token d) Client <-- Server - send token (data) size e) Client <-- Server - GSS-API per-context token :repeat a-e until security context is initialized; if unsuccessful, close connection; try next host 4) Client - transmit thread, when audit record to be sent: a) Client --> Server - send data size b) Client --> Server - GSS-API per-message token wrap (sequence number || audit record) :repeat a-b while less than max (qsize) outstanding records 5) Client - receive thread: a) Client <-- Server - receive data size - uint32_t value b) Client <-- Server - receive sequence number - uint64_t value c) Client <-- Server - receive MIC d) Client - MIC verification - OK e) Client - remove particular audit record pointed by the sequence number from the retransmit buffer :repeat a-e, on error close connection; try next host; retransmit unacknowledged audit records 6) Server - receive thread: a) Client --> Server - receive data size b) Client --> Server - GSS-API receive, uwrap, store per-message token 7) Server - transmit thread: a) Server - MIC generation - message integrity code mic (sequence number || audit record) b) Client <-- Server - send data size c) Client < -- Server - send sequence number d) Client <-- Server - send MIC .fi .in -2 .SH EXAMPLES .LP \fBExample 1 \fRLoading \fBaudit_remote.so\fR and Specifying the Remote Audit Servers .sp .LP The following directives cause \fBaudit_remote.so\fR to be loaded and specify the remote audit servers to where the audit records are sent. The \fBkerberos_v5\fR security mechanism is defined to be used when communicating with the servers. .sp .in +2 .nf auditconfig -setplugin audit_remote active \e "p_timeout=90;p_retries=2; p_hosts=eggplant.eng.sun.com::kerberos_v5, purple.ebay.sun.com:4592:kerberos_v5" .fi .in -2 .LP \fBExample 2 \fRUsing the Configuration of Usage Default Security Mechanism .sp .LP The following example shows the configuration of usage of default security mechanism. It also shows use of default port on one of the configured servers: .sp .in +2 .nf auditconfig -setplugin audit_remote active \e "p_timeout=10;p_retries=2; p_hosts=jedger.eng.sun.com, jbadams.ebay.sun.com:4592" .fi .in -2 .sp .LP \fBExample 3 \fRInternal plugin queue size settings .sp .LP Certain conditions (for instance, high or bursty audit data traffic in combination with slow communication lines between server and client) may cause the number of outstanding audit records queued by the \fBaudit_remote\fR plugin to reach the maximum number configured. The following example shows how to set the queue size parameter. .sp .in +2 .nf auditconfig -setplugin audit_remote "" 1000 .fi .in -2 .sp .SH ATTRIBUTES .sp .LP See \fBattributes\fR(5) for a description of the following attributes: .sp .sp .TS tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) . ATTRIBUTE TYPEATTRIBUTE VALUE _ MT LevelMT-Safe _ Interface StabilitySee below. .TE .sp .LP The plugin configuration parameters are Committed. The client/server protocol (version \fB"01"\fR) is Contracted Project Private. See \fBaudit.log\fR(4) for the audit record format and content stability. .SH SEE ALSO .sp .LP \fBauditd\fR(1M), \fBauditconfig\fR(1M), \fBaudit_warn\fR(1M), \fBgetipnodebyname\fR(3SOCKET), \fBgetservbyname\fR(3XNET), \fBgss_accept_sec_context\fR(3GSS), \fBgss_get_mic\fR(3GSS), \fBgss_init_sec_context\fR(3GSS), \fBgss_wrap\fR(3GSS), \fBgss_unwrap\fR(3GSS), \fBlibgss\fR(3LIB), \fBlibsocket\fR(3LIB), \fBaudit.log\fR(4), \fBkrb5.conf\fR(4), \fBmech\fR(4), \fBars\fR(5), \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBkerberos\fR(5), \fBtcp\fR(7P) .sp .LP \fIManaging Auditing in Oracle Solaris 11.3\fR .SH NOTES .sp .LP \fBaudit_remote\fR authenticates itself to the remote audit service by way of GSS-API (\fBlibgss\fR(3LIB)). Default gss credentials are used as provided by the \fBgss\fR implementation mechanism, such as Kerberos. .sp .LP The \fBsolaris-audit\fR service port assigned by IANA is \fB16162\fR.